甘肃省养老机构老年人健康服务需求及影响因素分析

目的探讨甘肃省养老机构老年人健康服务需求现状及主要影响因素,为健全和完善机构养老服务提供理论依据。方法选取甘肃省兰州市、张掖市和平凉市养老机构的360名老年人作为调查对象,采用自设问卷对其进行调查。结果养老机构老年人健康服务需求总分为28.48±5.78分,地区、家庭类型、文化程度为影响健康服务需求的独立影响因素。欠发达地区,不完整的家庭及文化程度较低的老人对健康服务需求更高。结论应根据不同特征老年人的需求有针对性地提供相关养老服务项目。养老机构应该定期采集老年人的意见,鼓励子女探望,大力开展健康知识宣教,并完善养老与医疗服务机构间的合作机制。     

从认知到行动——浅谈中国医疗健康机构应对气候变化和减少碳排放的措施

介绍了医疗健康机构应对气候变化的必要性,梳理了影响医疗机构碳排放的主要因素,列举了一些国家案例来阐释减少医疗服务碳排放的可能性,最后指出了医疗健康机构在实施温室气体核算和报告过程中须要注意的问题。     

人工智能在医学领域应用浅析

医疗与人工智能相结合,是医学发展的重要方向。作者综述了人工智能在诊断、治疗、预防、科研、教学等医学领域的应用情况,分析了人工智能发展面临的问题和挑战,对人工智能的应用前景进行了展望。     

基于超效率DEA的天津市基本公共卫生配置资源效率研究

评价天津市各辖区基本公共卫生服务的资源配置效率,寻求有效的资源配置措施和方法,为进一步优化卫生资源配置提供参考依据。方法利用数据包络分析,对天津市16辖区的基本公共卫生服务进行效率评价。结果天津市基本公共卫生服务的资源配置效率整体不高,仅有5辖区达到了规模最优,多数区非DEA有效,且投入过剩与产出不足并存。结论为了达到最优的基本公共卫生服务效率,政府及各级基本公共卫生服务机构必须有效地完善、落实相关政策,优化资源投入结构,统筹地区差异,加强资源供给管理,提高资源利用效率。     

全程质控管理对提高消毒供应室护理管理质量、预防医院感染的作用

目的探讨消毒供应室采用全程质控管理模式进行干预对护理管理质量以及预防医院感染的影响作用。方法于该院2017年1-12月期间内接收的患者中选取117例作为对照组,此期间消毒供应室未实施全程质控管理。另于该院2018年1-12月期间内接收的患者中选取105例作为观察组,此期间消毒供应室实施全程质控管理。对比两组患者医院感染发生率以及消毒供应室满意率,并观察手术科室对消毒供应室工作人员工作质量评价情况。结果观察组医院感染发生率较对照组更低,且消毒供应室满意率较对照组更高;观察组清洗质量、器械处理、物品包装、环境监测评分较对照组均更高;差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论全程质控管理可有效提高消毒供应室护理管理质量,降低医院感染事件发生率,临床实用价值较高。     

基于卒中组织化管理需求的医院后勤服务支撑体系框架构建综述

卒中严重威胁人民健康并为社会发展带来沉重负担。通过组织化管理的方法能够一定程 度上提升卒中医疗质量，但医疗机构后勤服务支撑能力的异质性为卒中组织化管理的效果带来不确 定影响。本文以《中国脑血管病临床管理指南》为参考依据，从卒中组织化管理对后勤服务的需求出 发，从信息系统、交通物流系统、空间规划配置3个角度，综述了后勤服务支撑卒中组织化管理的结构 框架。另外，本文结合建筑信息系统与物联网系统的发展，展望了后勤服务支撑卒中组织化管理的发 展方向。     

Developing a measure of blind patients’ interactions with their healthcare providers

BackgroundPeople who are blind (PWB) are often perceived as being incompetent with common tasks and functions. When patients detect that their healthcare providers (HCPs) have negative perceptions of them, they often report less satisfaction with their healthcare and disengage in their own healthcare.ObjectiveA scale assessing the experiences of PWB interacting with HCPs was developed and validated across two studies.MethodsIn Study 1, 144 participants completed the scale and provided feedback. In Study 2, 214 participants completed the scale and 4 additional scales to assess construct validity.ResultsAn exploratory factor analysis in Study 1 revealed a two-factor model consisting of General Quality of Health Care (30.5% variance explained) and Stereotype Content-related items (9.4% variance explained). Study 2 confirmed and validated this two-factor structure (RMSEA (90% CI) = 0.068 (0.057, 0.079), CFI = 0.898, SRMR = 0.066, AIC = 14568.902).ConclusionsThis scale is one of the first tools developed from the perspectives of PWB. Results from these studies highlight and elaborate on how PWB perceive that they are viewed by their HCPs in terms of competence and how they perceive to be treated by these HCPs. This scale can be used in training HCPs to better serve their patients with disabilities.     

European survey of hepatitis B vaccination policies for healthcare workers: An updated overview

BackgroundThe risk of transmission of bloodborne pathogens, including hepatitis B virus (HBV) to healthcare workers (HCWs) is well known. In 2005 we performed a survey on HBV prevention in HCWs in the European Union (EU). An update of the 2005 survey deemed necessary as an EU Council Directive (2010/32/EU) on sharps injuries was to be implemented into national legislation by 11 May 2013 and more countries were starting universal HBV vaccination.MethodsWe performed an electronic survey in 2016, among national representatives from the Occupational Medicine section of the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS), to find out how policies have been put into practice in the European Union countries (plus Norway and Switzerland). The data were updated in 2019.ResultsAnswers were received from 21 countries (among them 19 EU Member States), representing 78% of the population and 60% of HCWs in the EU-28. HBV vaccination was mandatory for medical and nursing staff in 10 countries; for other paramedical staff, medical and nursing students in 9 countries; for paramedical students in 8 countries; for cleaning staff in 7 countries; and for technical staff in 5 countries; it was recommended in all but one of other countries. Serotesting before vaccination was done in 7 countries. The vaccination schedule most often used was 0, 1, 6 months (18countries), monovalent HBV vaccine was used in 14 countries, and combined (HAV + HBV) vaccine in 11 countries. Serotesting after vaccination was done in 18 countries and boosters were recommended in 14 countries. A non-responder policy was present in 18 countries. HBV vaccination coverage (5 countries) was 70–95%. Sharps injuries were reported in 13 countries, nationwide in 7 of them; European-wide reporting was not mentioned by respondents.DiscussionThese results show the variation in the implementation of EU legislation in the participating countries. More consultation between actors at EU level, including enhancing medical surveillance in occupational medicine could help to optimise policies in European countries in order to further reduce HBV transmission to HCWs.     

院前急救担架员配置及社会化服务方式探索

承担院前急救搬抬服务的担架员是院前急救医疗服务的重要组成部分,因各种各样的原因全国大部分急救单元不配备或少配备担架员,影响了院前急救工作效率。该文以青岛市院前急救为例,通过分析院前急救担架员的配置现状、存在问题及分析,提出合理配备院前急救担架员的必要性,并积极调研其他地市急救中心的做法,探索院前急救担架员社会化服务方式。     

美国“互联网+医疗”服务的定价支付策略及对我国的启示

通过研究美国在远程医疗方面的相关经验,为制定我国“互联网+医疗”服务相关政策提供参考和借鉴。梳理美国远程医疗的发展历史及管理现状,分析并总结美国远程医疗的定价机制和支付情况。美国远程医疗的定价采用相对价值比率模型,并制定支付条件,保障了远程医疗定价及支付的合理性。参考美国的经验,提出了加强对“互联网+医疗”服务的规范管理、建立定价机制以及明确支付条件等建议。